Over the past 12 months, the Japanese Yen has continuously depreciated, falling by more than 10% to its lowest level since the 1980s, becoming the currency with the largest depreciation among major currencies. However, starting in July, the Yen showed a strong rebound against the dollar. On July 18, the Yen-dollar exchange rate surpassed the 156 Yen per dollar for the first time since June, rising to 155.37 Yen per dollar.
Impact of Federal Reserve Policy on the Japanese Yen
On July 10, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell testified before the U.S. House of Representatives' semiannual monetary policy report hearing, stating that recent data show signs of improvement in U.S. inflation. He mentioned that further positive data would bolster the Fed’s confidence in returning inflation to the 2% target, and no specific inflation figures are needed to determine rate cuts. The Fed's delay in cutting rates has led to a postponement in the market's expectations of the end of the dollar's strength. Powell’s remarks and U.S. Labor Department data convinced markets that the Fed might soon initiate a rate cut. On the evening of the 11th, the Yen quickly appreciated against the dollar from 161.76 to 157.43. This effect was almost identical to the Japanese central bank's intervention of 9.8 trillion Yen (about 840 billion SGD) in the forex market on April 29.
The USD/JPY exchange rate tends to follow the long-term U.S. Treasury yields, which dropped nearly 7 basis points overnight and continued to decline to 3.8329% during the Asian session, driving investors toward safer bonds. However, the dollar remains strong against most other major currencies, as it often attracts safe-haven flows even when U.S. economic concerns arise.
Statements from Trump and Japanese officials may also have contributed to the appreciation.
Trump recently mentioned in an interview that due to the Yen's weakness, the U.S. faces a “serious currency problem,” increasing the likelihood of potential actions to devalue the dollar if he wins the election this year. Japanese ruling party member Taro Kono also highlighted the issues brought by the Yen’s sharp depreciation, noting that since many Japanese companies have production facilities abroad, the current depreciation benefits Japan only marginally. He called for the central bank to raise interest rates to boost the Yen.
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